土家摆手舞在“活态传承”中焕发新活力******
中新网湖北来凤12月18日电 (郭晓莹 武一力)换上藏青色长布衫，缠上黑色布帕，土家族农民彭大丙和数十位村民就成了大山的舞者。他们踩着鼓点，时而摆手，时而跺脚，时而侧身，时而挺腰，动作轻盈而刚健。
舞者踏着锣鼓的节拍尽情舞蹈。 周星亮 摄这是记者近日在湖北来凤县百福司镇茶堰坪摆手堂内看到的原生态摆手舞表演。彭大丙是来凤县摆手舞协会常务副会长，72岁的他跳了六十多年的摆手舞。
来凤是中国土家族摆手舞发源地。每当逢年过节及各种庆祝活动，村民们都会在摆手堂跳起摆手舞。清代《溪洲竹枝词》中有这样的诗句：“福石城中锦作窝，土王宫畔水生波，红灯万盏人千叠，一片缠绵摆手歌。”该诗生动描绘了土家族人民祭祀祖先和庆祝丰收时的歌舞盛况。
土家人整齐地变换着舞蹈动作。 郭晓莹 摄作为第一批国家级非物质文化遗产，摆手舞绵延流传在湘、鄂、渝、黔四省市交界的酉水流域及沅水流域。在长达两千余年的历史进程中，摆手舞彰显着土家族特有的文化，承载着历史。
“在我们土家族，从3岁的小孩到90岁的老人，人人都会跳摆手舞。只要锣鼓一响，我们就开始‘摆’起来。”百福司镇桂林书院社区居委委员邓凤英说，土家族人对摆手舞情有独钟。
耄耋老人跳起摆手舞。 郭晓莹 摄邓凤英是百福司镇摆手舞表演的编排者之一，她介绍，摆手舞的动作跟随着鼓点节奏依次变化，共有单摆、拜年、撒种、双摆、比脚、擦背、纺棉、抖灰和磨鹰展翅九个动作，动感粗犷的舞姿，展现着土家人对生活的热爱。
“跳摆手舞是有讲究的，同边手同边脚，腰杆要弯脚要梭(向前迈步)，不能踮脚，踮了脚的摆手舞没有气势，不好看。”摆手舞省级传承人彭南清一边给记者表演一边说，传统摆手舞动作古朴粗犷，有“龙行虎步”的风采。
彭南清说，土家族是有语言而无文字的古老民族，摆手舞就是土家族的“活态灵魂”和珍贵记忆。只有将摆手舞的传承与保护深入到当地群众的日常生活中去，才能让这个古老的文化瑰宝焕发生机和活力。
近年来，来凤县政府主导，整合各方资源，调动社会力量保护、传承与发展土家摆手舞。在当地政府的推动下，彭大丙、邓凤英、彭南清等一批摆手舞传承人多年来努力推动摆手舞进机关、进社区、进校园、进院落，实现“活态传承”。
如今，摆手舞从民间走向舞台，从国内走向国际，“摆”进了上海世博会，“摆”进了韩国，“摆”进了澳大利亚，“摆”进了群众的健身生活，实现了保护有效、传承有序。在土家人的摆动中，古老的舞蹈焕发出顽强的生命力。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄 由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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